John blake tarr



JOHN BLAKE TARR, OF FAIR HAVEN, MASSACHUSETTS.

Leners Pam: No. 83,222, amc caoba 20,1868.-

MPROVEEKENT IN MANUFACTURE OF STEEL EiG-OTS.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent'an making part of the same.

To all 'whom it may concern Be it known that I,`JonN BLAKE TARE, of Fair Haven, in the county of Bristol, and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and improved Steel Iiigot; and I d o hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference 'being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, iii which- Figure l is a front elevation of a machine which is adapted for producing the ingots.

f Figure 2 is a section, taken in the horizontal plane indicated by line y iii fig. 1.

Figure `3is a section, taken in the course indicated by line .e in iig. 1.

Figure 4 is a view of the mould, the plunger, and the core, as seen by removing the frontsection of this mould.

Figure 5 is aperspective view oi' the improved ingot' attached to a solid ingot.

Figure 6, sheet 2, is a view of a'mould adapted for making only a tubular ingot, showing the core elevated.

Figure 7, sheet 2, is a similar view, showing the core depressed. V

Figure 8 is an enteriial edgeview of the mould of iigs. 6 and 7. v

Similarletters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

This invention relates to a new and improved mode of constructing steel ingot-s, or'blanks, from which to make seamless tubes for the dues of steam-boilers, and for other purposes. f

The nature of the invent-ion consists in compressing and condensing the steel while iii a liquid or plastic state, and confined within the mould, which will give to it the forni of a hollow or tubular iiigot, thereby not .only improving the quality of the metal, as to denszontal plates A B for receiving the mouldsin which the ingots are cast, and also the devices used for pressing and condensing the metal forming the ingots. v

On top of the head-plate B, and firmly bolted down` thereon, are two strong cylinders, G G, in which pistous aredesigned Ato work up and down, which pistons have vertical rods,"lfl I, attached to them, that pass through standing-bores, c c, and carry followers upon their lower ends, as `vill be hereinafter described.

.the right-angular foot of the These cylinders should communicate in a suitable` manner with a hydrostatic forcing-engine, constructed upon the well-known principle of the hydrostatic presses, so that the lillower-rods can be caused to descend with great force. v

It' desirable, screw or other well-lmown mechanical power may be employed for moving the followers, but l prefer to adopt hydrostatic pressure, in the manner substantially as above described.

The moulds in which the ingots are cast are mounted upon the bed-plate A, and held in, proper position by means of a perpendicular back plate, E, which is secured upon saiic-ipla'tby means of clamping-screws m m. These screws pass through slots made ,through late E, and by loosening them, this plate can be adjus Ied forward. or backward, as may be desired. b

By means of the two horizontal setrscrews t i, which pass through ears that project from the back plate E, the moulds can be adjusted laterally, and confined in place upon the bed-plate A. This provision for ment is made for the purpose of adapting the machine to receive and hold iii place moulds of different sizes, and also for adjusting the receptacles for receiving the metal to a nicety beneath their respective followers H I-. r

TheV moulds consist of halves or vertical sections, D D', nicely fitted together, and confined by means of a bail, F, and clamping-wedges, h h, or by any other suitable means. l

There are two vertical receptacles, c' and gymade m the sections D D', which are designed'forreceiving the steel, and producing ingots, which receptacles commuiiicate with eachother by means of a horizontal passage, s, iig. 4. The circular. receptacle is' designed for producing the ingots fro'mwhich seamless pipes are made, and the rectangular receptacle, p, which extends a short distance below the passage s and receptacle lr, is designed for producing solid ingots forother purposes. y v

Within the circular chamber r is a tapering core, S,

terminating at its upper end in a circular flange or follower, d', which is slightly1 smallern diameterthan the diameter of that part of chamber lr in which it works.

lhc lower end of this conical or tapering core S terininates in a short cylindrical-portion, which fits snugly into a vertical hole, t, coinciding with the centre ofthe said chamber, and forms a guide for keeping the core in its proper place duii'iigq'tsf'descending stroke. Siurouiiding this core S is the annular space for receiving the steel and producing tubular or hollow ingots.

The upper end of th core S has a shank, d, .pro jecting from it, which is fitted into a socket formed in the lower end of an enlargement, b, upon theA pistonrod H. By means oi' the key b' the core is. secured to the piston-rod, so as to 'rise and descend with it.

I make the core S tapering, for the piupose of having'it part from the cast-ing readily, as well as impart a. lateral pressure to the metal during its descent; and l make the chamber r slightly larger at its base than it is al; its upper end, so that in raising the core from Vthe casting, theulntter shall remain in its chamber.

I employ a solid plunger, y, for the chamber p, which is of the same shape as this chamber, but slightly smaller, and which is tittcd to an enlarged head, b, on piston-rod I, by means of a shank, tlf, entering a socket in saitlhead, and receiving the key I, as plainl) indicated in fig. 4.

To prevent the piston-rod I from turningr about its axis, a-n arm, J, is keyedrto it, near the head b, which arm is guidedy by means of a fixed rod, L, that is secured to a bracket, L', at one end, and to tlm-'headplate B at the other end, :ts shown in tig. l.

Both piston-rods should coincide with the centre of their respective mould-ehz'unbers, so that the followers, or plunger andV conical core, shallwork truly therein.

Thebar K, which is hinged to the bottom ot'heud- 4 pl'ote B, between the two pistons l- I and I, is used for .holding the mould-sections down firmly in place upon the ,bed-plate A, and the pivoted stirrup I, upon the heqdplate, is used as a support for said bar when ,thrown up.

The operation of the machine is as follows:

The two sections D D heilig lirmly clamped together by means of the bail F and wedges h Il, and then adjusted and secured firmly in place upon the bed-plate A, the core S is depressed until its flange or tollower d* just ent-ers'the upper end of the chamber fr'. The plunger orfollower g, being in an elevated position, as shown in iig. 1, melted steel is poured into the chamber p, at itsupper end, until both chambers, p and yr, are thus filled, ornearly filled. The plungcry is then brought down upon the sinface ofthe metal in chamber p, and great pressure applied to it. At the same time pressure is applied upon the snrthce ofthe metal in the chamber r.

After. compressing thesteel in this manner, the plunger y and core S arel raised free from the moulds and castings, the set-screws 'L Ii and har K are released from the sections D D', and these t,sections removed from the bed A. The castings being removed from Vthe moulds, the latter maybe again confined together and adjusted in place upon the bed A, for a repetition of the operation.

By constructing the nioulds as above described, it will be seen thatl produce at one casting :t solid ingot, P, and a. tubular ingot, P", and that l am enabled to apply pressure at both ends of the steel conlined in the mould.

As the object of my invention to make :t tubular steel ingot, compressed and condensed, the ehainlnfrs p und s, and the parts acting in conj nnction therewith', may be omitted, and the steel poured directly into the chamber lr. In this case, the coro S should be raised sulleiently high, duringr the. operation ol' pouring', to allow the melted steel to run into said chamber r, henenth the annulanllafnge or follower ll.

In proef/ice, the moulds muy be made ot east-iron, of propel' thickness to insurethe strength required to resist the prestano to which they are subjected; and

these moulds may be lined partly or wholly with plumbago, or any other substance ot a. suliicientl \r refractoiynature. `to resist the intense heat ot' the melted steel.

Vln the operation 0t` pressing and condensing the metal in the moulds, the tirs-t perceptible. indication of the application of pressure will be a blue flame is suing from thejoints around thel iilloweIs. This flume will continue to escape until all the gas has been expelled from the moulds, and metal contained therein. When the flame ceases, the pressure can be removed from the followers, and the metal allowed to set.

Ingots produced in this manner will be. free from holes and other imperfections, the metal will be homo geneous in texture and density, and it will also be much stronger, and better adapted for making seam less tubes than metal which is left to cool in the moulds without being subjected to pressure.

For the purpose of casting-an ingot of o. different size, a new mould, correspondingto the size desired, may be substituted in place ot' that shown; iuwhich case, another core andfollower may be substituted iii place of those shown, adapted for the new mould.

In 6 and 7, of sheet 2, I have shown al mode of producing a tubular ingot, compressed, wherein the core which leaves the bore througlrthe' ingot is removed iiom the mould iuitil the steel is poured into this mould, after which thel wie is depressed, as shown in lig. 7, :md the metal-in theI mould condensed. This plan would obviate all liability ofthe metal becoming chilled around the core S while pouring,y the metal intd the inoulddzhtnnber r. Under this arrangement, n. sul:

ficicnt .unount ol' metal is poured into the chamber fr l to form an ingot, and a. hole, n., is ina-de, to allow of the overflow ot' any surplus metal during the descent of the core S. It' there is a surplus of metal in ,the mouldchamber r, it will run out' through the hole n until the flange or follower el on the core closes 'this hole, when the compression and condensation of the steel will commence.

To remove the condensed ingot, the bail F is looscned by drivingr out the wedges la, aud, the two mouldsections stparated.

lwill here state that it is important to raise the tore. S a short distance, as soon as possible after condensing the steel, to prevent the latter from shrinking around it and holdingr it fast.

l do not desire to be understood as making claim of invention to east-steel ingots in the manufacture ot' seamless tubing, which ingots are bored out after they are east, and which are not compressed, as this is not new.

Honing described my invention,

lVhat l claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Y Patent, is

Formiwr a hollow ineot under n'essnre as herein D D i described. A

J (),l lN BLAKE TARE. Witnesses:

lt. 'l`. llmrnnnn, Eow. Honduran. 

